Battery Energy Storage
Sizing, dispatch optimization, degradation, market ops
End-to-end battery energy storage system management — from initial sizing and technology selection through operational dispatch optimization to state-of-health monitoring and market participation. Built on electrochemical models, not simplified lookup tables, so degradation forecasts reflect real cycling behavior and environmental conditions.
Key capabilities
System sizing & technology selection
Size battery systems against your load profile, tariff structure, and target use case — peak shaving, arbitrage, backup, or multi-service stacking. Compare cell chemistries (LFP, NMC, NCA) on cost per cycle, energy density, thermal behavior, and calendar life. Model augmentation schedules to maintain capacity guarantees over project lifetime.
Dispatch optimization
Optimal charge/discharge scheduling using mixed-integer linear programming. Stack multiple revenue streams simultaneously — time-of-use arbitrage, demand charge reduction, frequency regulation, and capacity reserves. Degradation-aware dispatch ensures cycling decisions account for battery wear, not just immediate revenue.
Electrochemical degradation modeling
Physics-based degradation forecasts using electrochemical models calibrated to cell-level test data. Separate calendar aging from cycle aging. Model capacity fade and resistance growth under your actual operating conditions — temperature, depth of discharge, C-rate, and state-of-charge window.
State estimation & health monitoring
Real-time state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) estimation using Kalman filtering and parameter identification. Track capacity fade trends against warranty curves. Detect anomalous cells or modules before they become safety events. Rainflow cycle counting for accurate throughput accounting.
Market participation & bidding
Generate day-ahead and intraday market bidding strategies from price forecasts and battery state. Participate in ancillary service markets — frequency containment reserves, automatic frequency restoration, and reactive power support. Automated bid submission with position tracking and settlement reconciliation.
Financial & warranty analysis
Levelized cost of storage (LCOS) calculations under different dispatch strategies. Revenue stacking projections with degradation-adjusted capacity over 10–20 year horizons. Warranty compliance tracking — ensure operational parameters stay within manufacturer guarantees for capacity, throughput, and thermal limits.
How it connects
Battery Storage uses facility load profiles from Facilities & Metering to size systems correctly. Dispatch schedules integrate with Procurement for energy cost optimization. Co-located solar or wind scenarios link to Renewable Assets for hybrid system planning. Power quality monitoring in Facilities & Metering tracks grid stability impacts.